References (*denotes open access):

• *Bekele BB, Dadi TL, Tesfaye T. The significant association between maternity waiting homes utilization and perinatal mortality in Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Research Notes. 2019;12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4056-z

• Lori JR, Wadsworth AC, Munro ML, Rominski S. Promoting access: The use of maternity waiting homes to achieve safe motherhood. Midwifery. 2013;29(10):1095–1102. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.07.020

• *Lori JR, Munro‐Kramer ML, Liu H, McGlasson KL, Zhang X, Lee H, Ngoma T, Kaiser JL, Bwalya M, Musonda G, Sakala I. Increasing facility delivery through maternity waiting homes for women living far from a health facility in rural Zambia: A quasi‐experimental study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2021;128(11):1804-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.16755

• *Dadi TL, Bekele BB, Kasaye HK, Nigussie T. Role of maternity waiting homes in the reduction of maternal death and stillbirth in developing countries and its contribution for maternal death reduction in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Health Services Research. 2018;18(1):1-0. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3559-y

• Fontanet CP, Kaiser JL, Fong RM, Ngoma T, Lori JR, Biemba G, Munro-Kramer M, Sakala I, McGlasson KL, Vian T, Hamer DH. Out-Of-Pocket expenditures for delivery for maternity waiting home users and Non-users in rural Zambia. International Journal of Health Policy and Management. 2021. https://www.ijhpm.com/article_4067.html

• Belayihun B, Asnake M, Tilahun Y, Zerihun H, Tasissa A, Tilahun Z, Moges F, Taddelle A, Workneh W. Leveraging maternity waiting homes to increase the uptake of immediate postpartum family planning in primary health care facilities in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Health Development. 2021;35(1).

• Buser JM, Moyer CA, Boyd CJ, Veliz PT, Zulu D, Ngoma-Hazemba A, Mtenje JT, Jones AD, Lori JR. The Association Between Maternity Waiting Home Use and Maternal–Newborn Knowledge: Latent Class Analysis. Journal of Nursing Measurement. 2021;29(2):334-46. https://doi.org/10.1891/JNM-D-19-00093

• *Gurara MK, Van Geertruyden JP, Gutema BT, Draulans V, Jacquemyn Y. Maternity waiting homes as component of birth preparedness and complication readiness for rural women in hard-to-reach areas in Ethiopia. Reproductive Health. 2021;18(1):1-4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01086-y

• *Buser JM, Munro-Kramer ML, Veliz PT, Zhang X, Lockhart N, Biemba G, Ngoma T, Scott N, Lori JR. How maternity waiting home use influences attendance of antenatal and postnatal care. Plos One. 2021;16(1):e0245893. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0245893

• *García Prado A, Cortez R. Maternity waiting homes and institutional birth in Nicaragua: Policy options and strategic implications. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management. 2012;27(2):150-66. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.1107

• Gómez Cruz M, Vinent González R, Santana Espinosa MC. Atención integral a gestantes vulnerables en hogar materno provincial de Pinar del Río. Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río. 2020;24(6). http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1561-31942020000600008

• Rojas-Ochoa F. Cuba’s maternity homes, 1962–2017: History, evolution, challenges. MEDICC Review. 2019;21:28-33.

• *Ruiz MJ, van Dijk MG, Berdichevsky K, Munguía A, Burks C, García SG. Barriers to the use of maternity waiting homes in indigenous regions of Guatemala: a study of users' and community members' perceptions. Culture, Health & Sexuality. 2013;15(2):205-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2012.751128

References (*denotes open access):

• Lori JR, Munro ML, Mdluli EA, Musonda GK, Boyd CJ. Developing a community driven sustainable model of maternity waiting homes for rural Zambia. Midwifery. 2016;41:89-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2016.08.005

• *Penn-Kekana L, Pereira S, Hussein J, Bontogon H, Chersich M, Munjanja s & Portela A. Understanding implementation of maternity waiting homes in low- and middle-income countries: A qualitative thematic synthesis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2017;17:269. https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-017-1444-z

• *Scott NA, Vivan T, Kaiser JL, Ngoma T, Mataka K, Henry EG, Biemba G, Nambao M & Hamer DH. Listening to the community: using formative research to strengthen maternity waiting homes in Zambia. Plos One. 2018;13(3):e0194535. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0194535

Downloadable PDFs:

• Table 1. Planning Process Table [click to view]

• Community Focus Group Example Questions [click to view]

References (*denotes open access):

• *Henderson S. Empathy in architecture: The Kassungu Maternity Village by MASS Design. Slow Space. 2018, January 10. https://www.slowspace.org/empathy-architecture/

• Buser JM, Munro‐Kramer ML, Carney M, Kofa A, Cole GG, Lori JR. Maternity waiting homes as a cost‐effective intervention in rural Liberia. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2019;146(1):74-9. doi:10.1002/ijgo.12830

• *Chibuye PS, Bazant ES, Wallon M, Rao N, Fruhauf T. Experiences with and expectations of maternity waiting homes in Luapula Province, Zambia: a mixed–methods, cross-sectional study with women, community groups and stakeholders. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2018;18(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-017-1649-1

• *JOICFP & IPPF. Maternity waiting house design guide. https://www.joicfp.or.jp/eng/PDF/MWH_DesignGuidebook.pdf

• *Lori JR, Boyd CJ, Munro-Kramer ML, Veliz PT, Henry EG, Kaiser J, Munsonda G, Scott N. Characteristics of maternity waiting homes and the women who use them: findings from a baseline cross-sectional household survey among SMGL-supported districts in Zambia. PloS One. 2018;13(12):e0209815. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209815

• McIntosh N, Gruits P, Oppel E, Shao A. Built spaces and features associated with user satisfaction in maternity waiting homes in Malawi. Midwifery. 2018;62:96-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2018.03.020

• MHCW Zimbabwe_Maternity Waiting Homes Operational Guidelines.pdf. (2010).

• *Maternity Waiting Village / MASS Design Group. ArchDaily. 2020, April 19. https://www.archdaily.com/937721/maternity-waiting-village-mass-design-group

Downloadable PDFs:

• Built Environment Table [click to view]

• Caregiver Duties Table [click to view]

• Equipment & Supplies Table [click to view]

• Estimating Costs Table [click to view]

• Infrastructure Table [click to view]

References (*denotes open access):

• *Singh K, Speizer IS, Kim ET, Lemani C, Tang JH, Phoya A. Evaluation of a maternity waiting home and community education program in two districts of Malawi. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2018;18(1):1-4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-2084-7

• *Kebede Y, Abamecha F, Endalew C, Aman M, Tamirat A. User's satisfaction with maternity waiting home services in Jimma zone, Oromia, Ethiopia: implications for maternal and neonatal health improvement. Journal of Women’s Health Care. 2019;8(464):2167-0420. doi:10.4172/2167-0420.1000464

• Rojas-Ochoa F. Cuba’s maternity homes, 1962–2017: History, evolution, challenges. MEDICC review. 2019 Nov 25;21:28-33. https://www.scielosp.org/article/medicc/2019.v21n4/28-33/

• *García Prado A, Cortez R. Maternity waiting homes and institutional birth in Nicaragua: Policy options and strategic implications. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management. 2012;27(2):150-66. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.1107

• *Lori JR, Munro‐Kramer ML, Liu H, McGlasson KL, Zhang X, Lee H, Ngoma T, Kaiser JL, Bwalya M, Musonda G, Sakala I. Increasing facility delivery through maternity waiting homes for women living far from a health facility in rural Zambia: a quasi‐experimental study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2021;128(11):1804-12. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.16755

• *Awor P, Nabiryo M, Manderson L. Innovations in maternal and child health: Case studies from Uganda. Infectious Diseases of Poverty. 2020;9(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00651-0

• *Munkhondya BM, Munkhondya TE, Chirwa E, Wang H. Efficacy of companion-integrated childbirth preparation for childbirth fear, self-efficacy, and maternal support in primigravid women in Malawi. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2020;20(1):1-2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2717-5

• Operational Guideline, Maa Gruha project.pdf. Retrieved June 2, 2021, from http://www.nrhmorissa.gov.in/writereaddata/Upload/Documents/Operational%20Guideline,%20Maa%20Gruha%20project.pdf

Downloadable PDFs:

• Education Services Table [click to view]

• Services Table [click to view]

• Training & Education List [click to view]

References (*denotes open access):

• *Ruiz MJ, van Dijk MG, Berdichevsky K, Munguía A, Burks C, García SG. Barriers to the use of maternity waiting homes in indigenous regions of Guatemala: A study of users' and community members' perceptions. Culture, Health & Sexuality. 2013;15(2):205-18. doi:10.1080/13691058.2012.751128

• *García Prado A, Cortez R. Maternity waiting homes and institutional birth in Nicaragua: Policy options and strategic implications. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management. 2012;27(2):150-66. doi:10.1002/hpm.1107

• Kyokan M, Whitney-Long M, Kuteh M, Raven J. Community-based birth waiting homes in northern Sierra Leone: factors influencing women's use. Midwifery. 2016;39:49-56. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2016.04.013

• *Bongaarts J. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group, and United Nations Population Division trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2015. Population and Development Review. 2016;42(4):726-726. https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12033

• Campbell OM, Calvert C, Testa A, Strehlow M, Benova L, Keyes E, Donnay F, Macleod D, Gabrysch S, Rong L, Ronsmans C. The scale, scope, coverage, and capability of childbirth care. The Lancet. 2016;388(10056):2193-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31528-8

• *Kaiser, J.L., Fong, R.M., Ngoma, T. et al. The effects of maternity waiting homes on the health workforce and maternal health service delivery in rural Zambia: a qualitative analysis. Hum Resour Health 17, 93 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-019-0436-7

• *Lori JR, Boyd CJ, Munro-Kramer ML, Veliz PT, Henry EG, Kaiser J, Munsonda G, Scott N. Characteristics of maternity waiting homes and the women who use them: findings from a baseline cross-sectional household survey among SMGL-supported districts in Zambia. PloS One. 2018;13(12):e0209815. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209815

• McIntosh N, Gruits P, Oppel E, Shao A. Built spaces and features associated with user satisfaction in maternity waiting homes in Malawi. Midwifery. 2018;62:96-103. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2018.03.020

• *Satti, Hind, Megan M McLaughlin, and K.J. Seung. Rep. The Role of Maternity Waiting Homes as Part of a Comprehensive Maternal Mortality Reduction Strategy in Loesotho. Partners In Health Reports, 2013. Accessed 2022. https://www.pih.org/sites/default/files/2017-07/PIH_Report_Sept_IndividualPgs.pdf

Downloadable PDFs:

• Sustainability Table [download]

References (*denotes open access):

• Wholey, J., Hatrey, H., Newcomer, K. (Eds.). (2010). Handbook of practical program evaluation (3rd Edition). San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass. doi:196.190.117.157:8080

• *Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Writing SMART Objectives. Evaluation Brief No. 3. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/evaluation/pdf/brief3b.pdf

• *Taylor-Powell, E., Jones, L., & Henert, E. (2003) Enhancing Program Performance with Logic Models. Retrieved March 1, 2003, from the University of Wisconsin-Extension web site: https://fyi.extension.wisc.edu/programdevelopment/files/2016/03/lmcourseall.pdf

• *Buser, J. M., Moyer, C. A., Boyd, C. J., Zulu, D., Ngoma-Hazemba, A., Mtenje, J. T., ... & Lori, J. R. (2021). Maternal knowledge of essential newborn care in rural Zambia. Health Care for Women International, 42(4-6),778-793. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2020.1781125

• *Buser, J. M., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Veliz, P. T., Zhang, X., Lockhart, N., Biemba, G., ... & Lori, J. R. (2021). How maternity waiting home use influences attendance of antenatal and postnatal care. Plos One, 16(1), e0245893. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245893

• *Dadi, T. L., Bekele, B. B., Kasaye, H. K., & Nigussie, T. (2018). Role of maternity waiting homes in the reduction of maternal death and stillbirth in developing countries and its contribution for maternal death reduction in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Health Services Research, 18(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3559-y

• *Fogliati, P., Straneo, M., Mangi, S., Azzimonti, G., Kisika, F., & Putoto, G. (2017). A new use for an old tool: maternity waiting homes to improve equity in rural childbirth care. Results from a cross-sectional hospital and community survey in Tanzania. Health Policy and Planning, 32(10), 1354-1360. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czx100

• *Henry, E. G., Semrau, K., Hamer, D. H., Vian, T., Nambao, M., Mataka, K., & Scott, N. A. (2017). The influence of quality maternity waiting homes on utilization of facilities for delivery in rural Zambia. Reproductive Health, 14(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-017-0328-z

• *Innovation Network (n.d.). Logic model workbook. http://innonet.org/media/logic_model_workbook_0.pdf

• *Kurji, J., Gebretsadik, L. A., Wordofa, M. A., Morankar, S., Bedru, K. H., Bulcha, G., ... & Kulkarni, M. A. (2020). Effectiveness of upgraded maternity waiting homes and local leader training on improving institutional births: a cluster-randomized controlled trial in Jimma, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09692-4

• *Singh, K., Speizer, I., Kim, E. T., Lemani, C., & Phoya, A. (2017). Reaching vulnerable women through maternity waiting homes in Malawi. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 136(1), 91-97. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.12013

• *Singh, K., Speizer, I. S., Kim, E. T., Lemani, C., Tang, J. H., & Phoya, A. (2018). Evaluation of a maternity waiting home and community education program in two districts of Malawi. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-2084-7

• *Tiruneh, G. T., Getu, Y. N., Abdukie, M. A., Eba, G. G., Keyes, E., & Bailey, P. E. (2019). Distribution of maternity waiting homes and their correlation with perinatal mortality and direct obstetric complication rates in Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 19(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2356-x

• *University of Kansas (2022). Caja de herramientas comunitarias: Sección 1. Desarrollar un modelo lógico o teoría de cambio. https://ctb.ku.edu/es/tabla-de-contenidos/vision-general/modelos-de-desarrollo-para-la-salud-en-la-comunidad/modelo-logico-de-desarollo/principal

• *Wild, K., Barclay, L., Kelly, P., & Martins, N. (2012). The tyranny of distance: maternity waiting homes and access to birthing facilities in rural Timor-Leste. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 90, 97-103. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.11.088955

Downloadable PDFs:

• Interview Guide: Community Members [click to view]

• Interview Guide: Healthcare Providers [click to view]

• Interview Guide: Stakeholders [click to view]

Example Operational Guidelines:

• National Guideline on Maternity Waiting Home, Cambodia https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/36645875/guideline-on-maternity-waiting-home-ministry-of-health

• MWHA Policy Brief Liberia [click to view]

• MWHA Policy Brief Zambia [click to view]

• ZaMs Standard Operating Procedures Manual [click to view]

Example Policies:

• The Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Republic of Liberia listed maternity waiting homes as an essential standard of the health system infrastructure Standards for Health Infrastructure (2013). http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KBK4.pdf

• The Liberia Critical Humanitarian Gaps (2013) analysis prioritized MWHs as a strategy to strengthen community based reproductive health services and increase skilled institutional delivery. https://www.humanitarianlibrary.org/sites/default/files/2013/07/LIBERIA_CHG_2013.pdf

References (*denotes open access):

• Fraser B. Peru makes progress on maternal health. The Lancet. 2008;371:1233-1234.

• *Gorry C. Cuban maternity homes: A model to address at-risk pregnancy. MEDICC Review. 2011;13(3):12-15. doi:10.37757/MR2011V13.N3.4

• *Idris IO, Araoye D, Chijioke OD, Gavkalova N. A policy discussion on maternity waiting homes in Zambia to achieve its vision 2030 on maternal and perinatal mortality. Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care, 2020;6(1):1-7. doi:10.11648/j.jfmhc.20200601.11

• *Lori JR, Perosky JE, Rominski S, Munro-Kramer ML, Cooper F, Kofa A, Nyanplu A, James KH, Cole GG, Coley K, Liu H, Moyer CA. Maternity waiting homes in Liberia: results of a countrywide multi-sector scale-up. PlosOne. 2020;15(6):e0234785.

• Prado AG, Cortez R. Maternity waiting homes and institutional birth in Nicaragua: policy options and strategic implications. International Journal of Health Planning and Management. 2011;27(2):150-166. doi:10.1002/hpm.1107.

• Maternity Waiting Home Alliance www.maternitywaitinghomes.org

• Maternity Waiting Home Toolkit: Research Database (Zotero platform) - click to view webpage

  • How to use the research database - click to view

  • Using Zotero to organize your research citation: Help Guide - click to view webpage